The interactions of the earth and atmosphere occur through advection of materials from one region or part to another. Generally, oceans are embedded on the earths surface, and the air which is the main atmospheric medium usually circulates to the oceanic medium in form of wind. As the winds blow over the ocean surfaces, it interacts with the oceanic medium (water), which either increases or reduces its velocity. Winds blowing on the ocean water surface cause the development of coupling frictional force, known as frictional drag. The developed frictional drag imparts a push force on the water, which sometimes lead to pilling up of oceanic water to form ocean tides. Overtly, the movement of the media in both parts, which is the oceanic waters and the atmospheric air, occur as result of temperature and pressure changes among other factors.
These in turn affects the weather changes of a place or region (Xie, 1994).
The amount of rainfall that is received in any given region is determined by the amount of water vapor available in the atmosphere for precipitation. The variation realized in the quantity of the atmospheric water vapor is largely as a result of the temperature fluctuation within the ocean. A decrease in oceanic temperatures leads to decrease in the evaporation rate of the water in the ocean surface. The subsequent effect is a decrease in the amount of atmospheric water vapor. Conversely, an increase in the oceanic temperature augments the water evaporation rate, and consequently an increase in the atmospheric water vapor is realized. India is depicted as one of the most affected states by unpredictable weather changes, thus, this has triggered our interest of understanding how temperature and winds, being two of the most important determining factors of the weather affects this region at different periods of the year (Glantz, 1991).
Figure 2 Sea Surface Temperature Monsoon Winds of January and August
Discussion of the Data
India is a very large region with a wide variation in the monthly weather conditions. The largeness of the study region has dictated the use contrast scale methods, in which different color shades was employed in the collection and representation of the various changes of weather factors of temperature and rainfall in the region. Applying this mode, it was assumed that the higher the concentration and the brightness of the color shade, the greater the intensity and amount of the measured factor. Using the color scale shades to indicate rainfall range of the different parts of the region, its vivid that the region experience two extremes of precipitations. According to the revealed information, India receives a monthly rainfall ranging between zero and 40 mm in the month of January. Most of the high amounts of rainfall are received in the pole parts of the region, while the largest central region experiences the least amount of rainfall, as illustrated in the figure (1), with the blue and light blue shades respectively. Undoubtedly, the extreme parts to the Southern East and the
Northern East had highest rainfall precipitation of all other parts (Glantz, 1991).
During the month of August, the amount of rainfall received in the entire Indian region is generally higher compared to amount received in January. In this month, there is a gradual change in the amount of precipitation received in the region. The North Eastern and the South western Purple shaded are the parts of the region that had a highest amount of rainfall precipitation. The precipitation of rainfall decreased as one moved to the South Eastern and North western parts of the region, as demonstrated by the changing of the color shades from purple, light purple, dark red, red, light red, brown, yellow, dark green, green and light green respectively. During the month of August, inhabitants in the places along the ocean coastal strip are struck by the South Western and the North Eastern monsoons, which are warm, humid winds that blow along the Indian coast. The low temperature offshore winds blows from the regions of high pressure at the ocean centers to the coastal strips, a region of low pressure.
The moderately hot offshore winds collect the suspended water vapor over the ocean water surfaces until it becomes saturated. As the temperature in the ocean increase, more water vapor is formed through evaporation process therefore, in order to accommodate and collect maximum amount of the ever increasing amounts of water vapor, the wind expands elastically allowing absorption to take place. As the warm south western and the North eastern monsoons approach the cold region of the Indias Coastal strip, excess heat is conventionally lost to the surrounding cool air, bringing about a decrease in temperature. The winds transverses across the cooler coastal parts, where a large proportion of the water vapor content is condensed, forming clouds that falls as heavy precipitates along the opposite coastal strips. When north eastern and south western wind fronts meet, there is diversion and deviation of the wind direction. This causes the spreading of the unsaturated moist winds to all other parts of the region.
These in turn affects the weather changes of a place or region (Xie, 1994).
The amount of rainfall that is received in any given region is determined by the amount of water vapor available in the atmosphere for precipitation. The variation realized in the quantity of the atmospheric water vapor is largely as a result of the temperature fluctuation within the ocean. A decrease in oceanic temperatures leads to decrease in the evaporation rate of the water in the ocean surface. The subsequent effect is a decrease in the amount of atmospheric water vapor. Conversely, an increase in the oceanic temperature augments the water evaporation rate, and consequently an increase in the atmospheric water vapor is realized. India is depicted as one of the most affected states by unpredictable weather changes, thus, this has triggered our interest of understanding how temperature and winds, being two of the most important determining factors of the weather affects this region at different periods of the year (Glantz, 1991).
Figure 2 Sea Surface Temperature Monsoon Winds of January and August
Discussion of the Data
India is a very large region with a wide variation in the monthly weather conditions. The largeness of the study region has dictated the use contrast scale methods, in which different color shades was employed in the collection and representation of the various changes of weather factors of temperature and rainfall in the region. Applying this mode, it was assumed that the higher the concentration and the brightness of the color shade, the greater the intensity and amount of the measured factor. Using the color scale shades to indicate rainfall range of the different parts of the region, its vivid that the region experience two extremes of precipitations. According to the revealed information, India receives a monthly rainfall ranging between zero and 40 mm in the month of January. Most of the high amounts of rainfall are received in the pole parts of the region, while the largest central region experiences the least amount of rainfall, as illustrated in the figure (1), with the blue and light blue shades respectively. Undoubtedly, the extreme parts to the Southern East and the
Northern East had highest rainfall precipitation of all other parts (Glantz, 1991).
During the month of August, the amount of rainfall received in the entire Indian region is generally higher compared to amount received in January. In this month, there is a gradual change in the amount of precipitation received in the region. The North Eastern and the South western Purple shaded are the parts of the region that had a highest amount of rainfall precipitation. The precipitation of rainfall decreased as one moved to the South Eastern and North western parts of the region, as demonstrated by the changing of the color shades from purple, light purple, dark red, red, light red, brown, yellow, dark green, green and light green respectively. During the month of August, inhabitants in the places along the ocean coastal strip are struck by the South Western and the North Eastern monsoons, which are warm, humid winds that blow along the Indian coast. The low temperature offshore winds blows from the regions of high pressure at the ocean centers to the coastal strips, a region of low pressure.
The moderately hot offshore winds collect the suspended water vapor over the ocean water surfaces until it becomes saturated. As the temperature in the ocean increase, more water vapor is formed through evaporation process therefore, in order to accommodate and collect maximum amount of the ever increasing amounts of water vapor, the wind expands elastically allowing absorption to take place. As the warm south western and the North eastern monsoons approach the cold region of the Indias Coastal strip, excess heat is conventionally lost to the surrounding cool air, bringing about a decrease in temperature. The winds transverses across the cooler coastal parts, where a large proportion of the water vapor content is condensed, forming clouds that falls as heavy precipitates along the opposite coastal strips. When north eastern and south western wind fronts meet, there is diversion and deviation of the wind direction. This causes the spreading of the unsaturated moist winds to all other parts of the region.
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